Oil-based stains actually penetrate the wood, protecting it and enhancing the current color of the wood while being better at resisting peeling than its water-based counterpart.
The oil-based stain dries with a scratch-resistant smooth, glossy finish. It’s easy to apply as the oil sinks into the wood, and the brush strokes don’t show after the stain dries.
Oil-based stains, however, demand lengthy drying times, require reapplication more frequently, require mineral spirits for cleanup, and emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Water-based stains dry on top of the wood, reducing drying time, and cleanup requires only a brush and soapy water. Additionally, it emits no VOCs and has a milder smell than oil.
These stains typically last longer than oil-based ones and are lower maintenance. When you apply a new coat, you won’t have to scrub or sand your desk.